被動語態
1 )敘述句
(1)簡單式 : a. 現在式：S + am/is/are + p.p.
b. 過去式：S + was/were + p.p.
c. 未來式：S + will be + p.p.
例：a . All kinds of activities are held by students .
b. She was invited to the party yesterday .
c. The meeting will be held next Monday .
(2)進行式：a. 現在式：S + am/is/are + being + p.p.
b. 過去式：S + was/were + being + p.p.
例：a. Jessica is being waited for by Tom .
b. The basketball was being started at 7 o’clock last night .
(3)完成式：a. 現在式：S + has/have + been + p.p.
b. 過去式：S + had been + p.p.
c. 未來式：S + will have been + p.p.
例：a. A niceAmericateacher has been found by his parents .
b. The project had been finished by John three days ago .
c. The party will have been held next Friday night .
(4) 助動詞：a. …must be + p.p. 必須被…
b. … should/ought to + be + p.p. 應該被…
c. … can be + p.p. 能被…
例：a. This letter must be written in English .
b. The medicine should be taken after meals .
c. This book can be used in my report .
(5)感官動詞與使役動詞：
S + be + p.p.(感官動詞) + to 原V/ V ing (by + O)
例：Mary was heard to sing happily by me yesterday .
2 )疑問句：
(1)Do/Does/Did + S + V + O…?→ be動詞 + S + p.p. + by + O …?
例：Are some plans for summer vacation make by you?
(2)助動詞 + S + V+ O…?→助動詞 + S + be + p.p. + by + O…?
例：Can the work be finished by you today ?
(3)Who + V + O ?→By whom + be + S + p.p. ?
例：By whom will mark be taken to the country ?
3 )被動語態可用其他介係詞代替by，像in. of. with…
例：We are interested in English .
4 )主詞不明或表客觀說法時，常用被動語態
例：Rice is grown inTaiwan(by people) .
5 )有些動詞不可使用被動語態：
take place/happen/occur(發生) belong to(屬於) break out(發生)
連綴動詞：look , feel , taste , smell , remain